THE ZOO STORY

Name: Anisa Latif Iftitah
NIM: A320080018
Drama Assignment

THE ZOO STORY
I. Structural Element
The structural element of “The Zoo Story” drama is contains of narrative and technical element that will be broken down as follows:
A. Narrative Element.
1. Character and Characterization.
Jerry, the antagonist in The Zoo Story. Jerry was man in his late thirties not poorly dressed but carelessly. He was an agressive, seedy, and erratic loner. He was a handsome man who had a trim and lightly muscled body. He was a lower middle class, jobless, and lived in a slum apartment.
Peter, he was older than Jerry. He was about 40 years old, neither fat nor gaunt, neither handsome nor homely. He was an educated man and came from the high class society.
2. Setting
a. Setting of place
The setting of the place is on a bench of New York city’s central park.
b. Setting of time
The drama is occur on Sunday afternoon in Summer.
3. Plot
The plot of the drama was: once, Peter sits on a bench in the central park and there he comes across Jerry. The two men are strangers, but later they introduce themselves each other and keep the conversation going. Jerry always insists Peter to know that he has been to the zoo. He tells his new friend about animal at the zoo. The two are involved in long and variuos chats until at a point, Jerry tickles Peter’s ribs, which driving Peter into almost hysterical laughter. He pokes and forces Peter to move down the bench. Peter decides to fight for the bench, but when Jerry clicks open the knife and tossed it at him, Peter refused to pick it up. Jerry rushes over, grabs him by the collar, slaps him, spits on his face, and forces Peter to dart for the knife. Eventually Jerry commits to suicide, however it’s by the hand of Peter.

4. Theme
The theme of this drama is about Jerry, a man who wanted to kill himself by involving another person, Peter. Thus, Jerry made Peter kill him.

B. Technical element.
1. Mice-en-scene.
a. The set dressing which is shown in the drama are like tweeds and horn-rimmed glasses what was worn by Peter, or carelessly cloth worn by Jerry.
b. The propes are: smoke pipe, book, the knife, two park benches with foliage, and also the trees.
2. Style
The Zoo Story has simple structure. It’s set in New York’s central Park on Sunday afternoon in the Summer. The staging of the play is consists of two park benches with foliage, trees, and sky behind them. The place never changes and the action of the play unfolds in a linear manner in front of the audience from beginning to end.

II. The conclusion: the drama tells about man and society.

The Proposal

Name : Anisa Latif Iftitah
NIM : A320080018
Drama Assignment

THE PROPOSAL
By Anton Chenkhov
I. Structeral element of “The Death of the Salesman” drama which is contains of narrative and technical element.
A. Narrative Element.
1. Character and Characterization.
The characters are: Stepan Stepanovitch Chubukov 70 years old a landowner. Natalya Stepanovna 25 years old Chubukov’s doughter, exellent house-keeper, not bad-looking, and well-educated, then Ivan Vassilevitch Lomov 35 years old, Chubukov neighbour.
2. Setting
a) Setting of place
The setting of place of this drama is in Chubukov house.
b) Setting of time
The drama is occur in the evening.
3. Plot
The story is started when Lomov came to Chubukov’s house to propose Chubukov’s doughter, Natalya Stepanovna.
The midle of the story started when Lomov and Natalya started debating about the owner of oxen meadow. Then Lomove leaved Chubukov’s house and Natalya wanted him fetched back after knowing the that Lomov would proposed her.when Lomov back they start debating again till Lomov got sick and unconcious.
The end of the story is when Lomov conscious and married Natalya, Chubukov’s doughter.
4. Theme
The theme of this drama is the effort of Lomov to propose the doughter of the landowner.
B. Technical element.
1. Mice-en-scene.
a.) The set dressing of the characters such as what was wear by Lomove: a dress-jacket and white-gloves.
b.) The props consist of furniture pieces such as the chair, table, glass, and so forth.

II. The conclusion: the drama tells about man and society.

Death of Salesman

Name : Anisa Latif Iftitah
NIM : A320080018
Drama Assignment

DEATH OF SALESMAN
By Arthur Miller
I. Structeral element of “The Death of the Salesman” drama which is contains of narrative and technical element.
A. Narrative Element.
1. Character and Characterization.
a) The major character:
The major character are consists of Willy Loman, a salesman who has treveled for more than 30 years up and down the New England coast. Biff Loman - A 34 year old son of Willy who has been searching for himself while working on farms in the west to the dismay of his father. Happy Loman - The younger brother of Biff who tries in all he can to please his father and attempts to continue his father’s dream after he dies and Linda Loman - The wife of Willy.
b) The minor character:
The minor characters are : Charley as Willy’s neighbour who offered him a job, Howard Wagner as the bos of the company who refused Willy, Ben as his older brother, Bernard, Jenny, Miss Francis, Letta, Miss Forsythe, and stanley.
2. Setting
a) Setting of place
The setting of the “Death of the Salesman“ took place in and around the Brooklyn house of Willy Loman in New York surrounded by apartments. Restaurant - Restaurant where Stanley works where the Lomans were supposed to have dinner at the end of the play. The hotel - The hotel where Willy stays while in New England for his business trips.
b) Setting of time
The drama is occur within a 24-hours period, from Monday night to late Tuesday evening around 1949.

3. Plot
The story is started when Willy iwas getting older and less energic. His sons Biff and Happy return to their home to visit their father. Linda asked Biff to stay together with them. This family has economic problem in which Willy was refused by his boss, and Biff also hasn’t find a new job. Willy has idea to sacrifice himself by crashing his car so that his family could get some assurance money to help their economy.

4. Theme
The theme of this drama is what occured behind the death of the salesman that influence by Willy’s mind, in which the story explains that money was become a motive due to the death of the salesman.

B. Technical element.
1. Mice-en-scene.
a.) The set for this play looks deceptively simple but actually complicated enough. The walls of the set are constructed out of a fabric called Cinenet which is very lightweight and very delicate. In fact, if it is torn, it cannot be mended but must be completely re-built. To create the desired urban look for the walls, the Cinenet has been painted to look like bricks. Low-pile carpeting has been installed over sub-flooring to create the deck, and tracks in the sub-flooring are used for moving the pair of mansions on and off the stage. Two wagons are used in the show – one is Willy and Linda's bedroom and reconfigured to be the Chop House; the other is the boys' bedroom and later adapted for the hotel.
b.) The props consist of furniture pieces such as the bed for the master bedroom suite, the twin beds for Biff and Happy and the kitchen chairs were purchased. The kitchen set was purchased at a local antique store, but the stove and refrigerator were from stock and were painted to match the kitchen set. Because the walls of the set are scrim, there are no pictures or any set decoration on them.
2. Costume.
Linda Loman’s costumes, in particular, change considerably. The 1934 look is fresher, perkier while the look in 1949 becomes more somber with subdued, softer colors. Three of the suits for the men were built using a light wool suiting fabric and two were pulled from stock. The trench coat for Uncle Ben was built using a light, cream-colored wool gabardine fabric. His suit coat was purchased, but the pants were built by the Costume Department. All the men’s hats were pulled from stock except for Uncle Ben’s, which was specially built to coordinate with the overall color scheme of his costume. A local knitter made the letter sweater for Biff.

II. The conclusion: the drama tells about man and society.

Drama Assignment

Name : Anisa Latif Iftitah
NIM : A320080018
Drama Assignment


THE LESSON
I.Structeral element of “The Lesson” drama which is contains of narrative and technical element.
A.Narrative Element.
1.Character and Characterization.
a)The major character:
The professor is a little old man with a little white beard, aged around 50 to 60. Excessively polite, very timid, his voice deadened by his timidity, very proper, and very much the teacher.
In teaching his pupil, the professor becomes more and more sure of himself. More and more nervous, agressive, dominating, until he is able to do as he pleases, who has become in his hands in pitiful creature.
b)The minor character:
The pupil is seems to be a well-brought-up girl, polite but lively, gay, dynamic, a fresh smile is on her lips. She is around 18. Her face must clearly express a nervous depression. She become more and more passive until she is almost mute and inert object.
The maid is stout, the age is around 45 to 50. Having red face. She has good loyalty to the professor. She is a wise woman this can be proved by his advising adrressed to the professor “excuse me professor, but take care, i urge you to remain calm.

2.Setting
a)Setting of place
The setting of the place is the office of the old professor.
b)Setting of time
The drama is occur in June 1950 especially in the morning. This can be proved by the professor’s greeting and the weather’s description which tells that the sky is grayish-blue.
3.Plot
The beginning. The drama begins with the maid opened the door for the pupil who wants to have lesson from the professor.
The middle of the drama is stars when the professor explained about the aritmethic which drives to philology, and philology drives to the crime as what was done by the professor to his pupil, killed his pupil.
The drama is end by burrying the pupil’s body who was killed by the professor. And the maid opened the door for the next new pupil.
4.Theme
The theme of this drama is the professor’s bad habbit.
B.Technical element.
1.Mice-en-scene.
a)The set dressing which is shown in the drama are : woman’s cap, apron, smock, a small white collar, satchel, pince-nez, a black skull cap, a long black schoolmaster’s coat, trousers, shoes of black. tachable white collar, a black tie,
b)The propes are: table, notebook, buffet, books, blackboard, piece of chalk, plate, knife, pots, pans, chair, skullcap, armband, doorbell.
II.The conclusion: the drama tells about man and society.

Seminar on Literature

FIGHTING FOR COPYRIGHT IN DAVID FINCHER’S

THE SOCIAL NETWORK MOVIE (2010): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education

in English Department

Proposed by:

ANISA LATIF IFTITAH

A320080018

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2011

FIGHTING FOR COPYRIGHT IN DAVID FINCHER’S

THE SOCIAL NETWORK MOVIE (2010): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

A.      Background of the Study

In this information age, all intellectual creations can be protected by some form of intellectual property law. Intellectual property divides the universe of intellectual creations into three domains: copyrights, trademarks and patents. Patent protects innovation. While you can't copyright an idea, you can patent one. Trademark protects brand names, literally marking items in trade. The idea behind trademark is to protect the consumer by giving them some confidence that items branded with a certain mark are authentic and come from where they purport to come from. Copyright protects creative expression that has been reduced to a tangible form, such as a book, piece of recorded music, computer program, screenplay, painting, photograph, or motion picture. Baumann states that many copyright violations take place when a user copies material from a copyrighted site without attribution. Often, people violate intellectual property laws without even knowing it.

The Social Network is a 2010 semi-biographical drama film about the founding of the social networking  website Facebook and the resulting lawsuits. The film was directed by David Fincher and features an ensemble cast including Jesse Einsberg, Andrew Garfield, Justin Timberlake, Brenda Song, Armie Hammer, Max Minghella, Rashida Jones, Joseph Mazzello, and Rooney Mara.

The Social Network won three Academy Awards for Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Original Score, and Best Film Editing. The film won the Best Motion Picture-Drama Golden Globe at the 68th Golden Globe Awards on January 16, 2011. The film also won the awards for Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best Original Score, making it the film with the most wins of the night. The film won the awards for the Best Editing, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Director at the BAFTA, February 13, 2011.

The Social Network movie won Best Picture from the National Society of Film Critics, the New York Film Critic Circle, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association and the National Board of Review, making it only the third film in history (after Schindler's List and L.A. Confidential) to sweep the "Big Four" critics. The film also won the "Hollywood Ensemble Award" from the Hollywood Awards. The Social Network appeared on 78 critics top 10 list for 2010, of those critics 22 had the film in their number one spot.

The Social Network movie was Directed by David Fincher Produced by David Fincher, Scott Rudin, Dana Brunetti, Michael De Luca, Ceán Chaffin Written by Aaron Sorkin (screenplay), Ben Mezrich (book) Starring Jesse Eisenberg, Andrew Garfield, Justin Timberlake, Brenda Song, Rooney Mara, Armie Hammer, Max Minghella, Rashida Jones, Josh Pence Music by Trent Reznor, Atticus Ross Cinematography Jeff Cronenweth Editing by Kirk Baxter, Angus Wall Studio Relativity Media/Trigger Street Productions Distributed by Columbia Pictures Running time 121 minutes Country United States Language English.

David Fincher was born in 1962 in Denver, Colorado, and was raised in Marin County, California. He is an American music video and film director known for his dark and stylish portraits of the human experience, particularly Fight Club (film) and Se7en. When he was 18 years old he went to work for John Korty at Korty Films in Mill Valley. He subsequently worked at ILM (Industrial Light and Magic) from 1981-1983. Fincher left ILM to direct TV Commercials and music videos after signing with N. Lee Lacy in Hollywood. He went on to found Propaganda in 1987 with fellow directors Dominic Sena, Greg Gold and Nigel Dick. Fincher has directed TV commercials for clients that include Nike, Coca-Cola, Budweiser, Heinekin, Pepsi, Levi's, Converse, AT&T and Chanel. He has directed music videos for Madonna, Sting, The Rolling Stones, Michael Jackson, Aerosmith, George Michael, Iggy Pop, The Wallflowers, Billy Idol, Steve Winwood, The Motels and, most recently, A Perfect Circle. As a film director, he has achieved huge success with Se7en (1995), Fight Club (1999) and, Panic Room (2002).

David Fincher has the talent, and the desire, to make great movies, yet his work was so laden with tricks and gimcracks and whooshing eye candy, so wired into a kind of digital-age technological fetishism. After Alien 3 (1992), Fincher made Seven (1995), a darkly stylized and entertaining thriller that got too much credit for reworking Thomas Harris into an overly patterned serial-killer game, and then he made The Game (1997), which knew that it was a brashly fun and synthetic Chinese box of a movie. David Fincher is nominated for, and will probably win, the Best Director award for having made a subtle, wordy, non-violent, visually spare, character-driven, defiantly unstylized docudrama about a handful of dweebs from Harvard who sit around in rooms dreaming up new ways for people to network with each other over their computers.

The Social Network movie is adapted from The Accidental Billionaires book written by Ben Mezrich. The story is based on the book The Accidental Billionaires: The Founding of Facebook, A Tale of Sex, Money, Genius, and Betrayal by Ben Mezerich, The Social Network tells the slightly fictional and mostly factual story of the founding of Facebook

On a fall night in 2003, Harvard undergrad and computer programming genius Mark Zuckerberg sits down at his computer and heatedly begins working on a new idea. In a fury of blogging and programming, what begins in his dorm room soon becomes a global social network and a revolution in communication. A mere six years and 500 million friends later, Mark Zuckerberg is the youngest billionaire in history, but for this entrpreneur, success leads to both personal and legal complications.

In 2003, Erica Albright breaks up with Harvad University student Mark Zuckerberg. Back at his dorm, Mark writes a scathing and drunken blog entry about her, and is inspired to create a website that rates the attractiveness of female students when compared to each other. He hacks into the databases of various residence halls, downloads pictures and names of female students and, in a few hours, using an alogarithm for ranking chess players supplied by his best friend, Eduardo Saverin, he creates a website called "FaceMash," where students can choose which of two girls presented at a time is more attractive. Mark receives six months of academic probation after the traffic to the site brings down parts of Harvard's network, and becomes vilified among most of Harvard's female community. However, FaceMash's popularity and its one-night creation, while drunk, brings him to the attention of Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, identical twins and members of Harvard's rowing team, and their business partnerDivya Narendra. As a result, he gains a job working for the Winklevoss twins as the programmer of their website, Harvad Connection.

Soon afterward, Mark approaches Eduardo and tells him of his idea for what he calls "Thefacebook", an online social networking website exclusive to Harvard University students. He explains this would let people share personal and social information securely. Eduardo agrees to help Mark, providing $1,000 to help start the site. They distribute the link to Eduardo's connections at the Phoenix S-K final club and it quickly becomes popular throughout the student body. When they learn of Thefacebook, the Winklevoss twins and Narendra believe Zuckerberg had stolen their idea while stalling on their website. Tyler and Divya want to sue Mark for intellectual property theft, but Cameron convinces them they can settle the matter as "Harvard gentlemen" without the courts. Meanwhile, Mark continues to add features like "relationship status" to the profile page, since "people don't walk around wearing signs."

At a visiting lecture by Bill Gates, fellow Harvard University student Christy Lee introduces herself and her friend Alice Cantwel to Eduardo and Mark. She asks the boys "Facebook us"; their use of this phrase impresses both of them. Christy invites them to a bar where Mark runs into Erica, who is not aware of Thefacebook because she is not a Harvard student. Mark decides to expand the site to more schools. As Thefacebook grows in popularity, they expand to other schools in the Northeastern United Stated. while the Winklevoss twins and Narendra become angrier at seeing "their idea" advance without them. Cameron refuses to sue them, instead accusing Mark of violating the Harvard student Code of Conduct. Through their father's connections they arrange a meeting with Harvard President Larry Summers, who is dismissive and sees no potential value in either a disciplinary action or in Thefacebook website itself.

Through Christy, now Eduardo's girlfriend, Eduardo and Mark arrange a meeting with Napster co-founder Sean Parker. When Christy, Mark, and Eduardo meet Sean, Eduardo becomes skeptical noting Sean's problematic personal and professional history. Christy thinks Eduardo is jealous of Sean, and attempts to calm him to avoid a scene. Sean presents a vision for Facebook similar to Mark's and impresses him. In a parting comment, Sean suggests they drop the "The" from Thefacebook.

At Sean's suggestion, Mark moves the company to Palo Alto, while Eduardo remains in New York seeking advertising support. Meanwhile in England, while competing in the Henley Royal Regatta for Harvard, the Winklevoss twins discover Facebook has expanded to a number of universities there. Cameron finally relents and they decide to sue. When Eduardo visits from New York, he is angered to find Sean is living at the house they have rented and is making business decisions for Facebook. After arguing with Mark, Eduardo freezes the company's bank account and returns to New York. Upon returning, Christy argues with Eduardo about his Facebook profile, which still lists him as "single". When Christy questions Eduardo about why he has not changed his Facebook profile, he tells her he does not know how to, further infuriating Christy because she believes he is lying. She cites his profile as evidence he cheated on her with promiscuous women in Silicon Valley and sets fire to a scarf he has given to her. While Eduardo extinguishes the fire, Mark reveals on the phone that they have secured money from an angel investor through Parker's contacts. Eduardo ends his relationship with Christy.

Eduardo soon discovers the deal he signed with Sean's investors has allowed them to dilute his share of the company from thirty-four percent to three hundredths of a percent, while maintaining the ownership percentage of all other parties. He confronts Mark and announces his intention to sue him. Later that night, during a party celebrating Facebook's 1 millionth member, Sean and a number of Facebook interns are arrested for possession of cocaine.

In the final scene, a junior lawyer for the defense informs Mark they should settle with Eduardo, since the sordid details of Facebook's founding and Mark's personality will make a jury highly unsympathetic. The film ends with Mark sending a friend request to Erica on Facebook, and refreshing the page every few seconds waiting for a response.

The Social Network is an interesting movie. There are some aspect that make this movie interesting. First, the uncommon story. The movie tells about the slightly fictional and mostly factual story of the founding of Facebook. As we know, facebook is booming in our modern environment, so it is really interesting watching the movie which tell about the story of how facebook is founded. Altaugh it just a fictional story. We often find around us at the audience who were on their way out,  immediately turned on their cell phones and went to Facebook to check their pages without a hint of irony. It is one of the great stories of our time.  The framing device throughout the film shows Mark Zuckerberg testifying in depositions in two lawsuits: one filed by the Winklevoss twins, and the other filed by Eduardo Saverin. Through flashbacks from both depositions the facebook creation story is told.

The second is the case of fighting for copyright. The intellectual property divides the universe of intellectual creations into three domains, namely: copyrights, trademarks and patents. Copyright is an important thing that should be protected. Copyright protects creative expression that has been reduced to a tangible form, such as a book, piece of recorded music, computer program, screenplay, painting, photograph, or motion picture The people often violate intellectual property laws without even knowing it. Therefore, it is important to dicuss the copyright in order we don’t violate the other intellectual property.

The third is the characterization of the character especially Mark Zuckerberg as the Mjor Character, that sometimes surprising and changeable.. The characterization in The Social Network movie is reflected through the dialogues by each character. This makes the characterization of each character stronger and better.

The fourth is the message being signified from the movie. That is “facebook” creates social cohession among its' consumers. Providing them with a sense of belonging within our dynamic society. The Social Network movie explores the change of adolescent on how they have become an information dependent society, by knowing what is going on in the world around us. Based on the reason above the writer will observe the social network movie by using sociological approach. So the writer conduct the title FIGHTING FOR COPYRIGHT IN DAVID FINCHER’S THE SOCIAL NETWORK MOVIE (2010): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

B.       Literature Review

As far as the writer knows there is no research that has been conducted by other researcher especially in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta dealing with this object, The Social Network movie.

C.      Problem Statement

The main problem of the research is “how is fighting for copyright reflected in David Fincher’s The Social Network ?”

D.      Limitation of the Study

The writer will focus on analyzing fighting for copyright in David Fincher’s The Social Network movie based on sociological approach.

E.       Objective of the Study

The objectives of the study will be as follows:

1.    To analyze David Fincher’s The Social Network movie based on its structural element.

2.    To explore how the fighting for copyright between Mark Zuckerberg and Winklevoss twins is reflected in David Fincher’s The Social Network.

F.   Benefits of the Study

Through this study, the writer hopes that this research will provide benefits as follows:

1.    Theoretical Benefit

a.       This study is expected to give contribution to the larger body knowledge of literary studies.

b.      This study is aimed to give deeper understanding about the sociological issue in The Social Network movie.

2.    Practical Benefit

a.       This study is hoped can enlarge the knowledge and experience of the writer and other students who have interest with literary study on the movie, and develop their abilities in analyzing the movie.

b.      This study can be used as reference to the other researcher who wants to conduct a research in different cases.

G.      Underlying Theory

The underlying theory that will be used to analyze the The Social Network movie consists of the Notion of Sociology of Literature, Major Principles of Sociology of Literature, Notion of Copyright, Structural Element of the Movie, and Theoretical Application.

1.    Sociology of Literature

a.    Notion of Sociology of Literature

The term sociology derived from Greek. Socio means society and logos means science. Sociology implies the science of human relationship which is occur in the society and society is the main factor that influence such literary work. Thus, the study which discuss the relation between society and literary work called sociology of literature.

The literary work cannot be separated from society because human behavior and society are related each other. Human behaviour influences the society and the society influence the human behavior. According to Swingewood and Laurenson (1972: 11) sociology is “the essential scientific that studying man and the social institution in where they are living and also the social process within it in society. The studying of man in society can be answered the question of how society is possible, how it works and why it persist”.

According to Swingewood and Laurenson (1972: 13) sociology is “the systematic study of human group. It mainly concerns with the influences of social relationship upon the attitude and behavior beside how societies are established and change”. Therefore, the main object of sociology is society and social behavior.

Literature is a work of art which expresses the human life and problems in society, particularly concerns with law, religion, norms, and value of society, economics, and politics with qualities of the relationship among them, Swingewood and Laurenson (1972: 12). Literature is also can be defined as a social institution which is reflecting the social phenomena happened in the society. Wellek and Warren (1962: 94) state that literature is “a social institution, using as its medium language, a social creation”.

The study of sociology of literature cannot be separated from society, because the author that creates the literary work is member of the society itself. The sociology used to understand the message that will be conveyed and delivered  by the author through his literary work. Singewood and Laurenson (1972: 22) state that “ the basic purpose of sociology is to understand the nature and the working of all societies and men’s position within them”.

Descriptive relationship between literature and society according to Wellek and Warren (1962: 110) can be classified into three parts: 1) The sociology of the writer and the profession and the institution of literature. It correlates economic basis of literary production, social ideology. 2) The problem of the social content, the implicating and social purpose of the work of literature themselves and, 3) The problems of the audiance and the actual influence the literature.

2.    Major Principles of Sociology of Literature

Literary work is not only influenced by the society but also gives influence to the society. In sociology there are many concepts that live as a theory for the major principle in sociological approach.the theory is introduced by Swingewood and Laurenson (1972: 18) which stated three approaches to grasp the sociology of literature.

a.     As a Mirror to Age.

This approach deals with the time when the literary works are created. This approach reflects the situation and condition of social life of the society. It describe the social life, in which the literature is mode based on every day phenomena happening in the social life. The author uses the literary work as a media to change the society and to submerge with a new ideal society, his own society. It means that they want to form a society which runs with a good manner according to their mind, Swingewood and Laurenson (1972: 18).

In relation to the sociology of literature, literary work ie the reflection of the social phenomenon of the time the author created the literary work. As human products, literary works are produced by the people based on the situation and condition in certain time that reflected in the work. The social influence is more important in sociology rather that the author itself. Swingewood and Laurenson (1972: 15) stated that “in the mirror concept of literature in sociological analysis, the writer must be leave out of his emotion, intention, and his awareness, in order not give influence to the writer’s literary work”.

Zerrrafa in Burns and Burns (1973: 35) explain that “The content and form of literary works is closely related to the social phenomena”. It assumes that literature is closely related to the society in which literature work appears, the appearance of literary work is not in the social emptiness. There must be something happened in a certain time and place which correlate to the social condition in society. It may contain all aspects of life such as social, economic, culture, politic and religious aspect backgroud at that time.

b.    The Social Situation of the Writer

This approach deals with the social background of the author and how the author himself reacts and response to the system that has been built by the society where he has been lives. The system of society includes the patronage system autocracy of the publisher and the interest of the audience, Swingewood and Laurenson (1972: 17)

According to Wellek and Warren (1962: 95) that the status of the writer, the social provenance, the economic basic of literary production and also what the writer profession, and in which his institution is becoming the influence relation between the literary work and  the writer itself.

c.     The Sociology of the Readers

Swingewood and Laurenson (1972: 18) stated that “the historical background of society in certain time has relationship with the literary work itself as the result of author’s view”. This approach deals with the condition of the society in a certain times in accepting and understanding a literary work. After understanding the literary work, the impact of literary work can be figure out. The sociology of the readers according to Swingewood and Laurenson (1972: 21) can be defined as “The skill of the society to accept the literary work and the impact of the literary work to the audience in the social life”.

According to Levin in Burns and Burns (1973: 31) literature is “not only the effect of social causes but also the cause of social effect.literature tries to dig the societies respond about suchliterary work as the social effect and how the literary work influence the behavior, values, and the norm in society.

3.    Notion of Copyright

Intellectual property divides the universe of intellectual creations into three domains: copyrights, trademarks and patents. Copyright protects creative expression that has been reduced to a tangible form, such as a book, piece of recorded music, computer program, screenplay, painting, photograph, or motion picture. According to Djumhana and Djubaedillah (1993: 45) copyright is “specific right for the creator to announce or or publish his creature”. Intellectual property also can be defined sa property right which involved technology, science, knowledge, art, and the literary work, Djumhana and Djubaedillah (1993: 15). According to Tailor in Djumhana and Djubaedillah (1993: 46)” what should be protected from the copyright is the expression of the idea, not the idea itself”.

4.    Structural Elements of the Movie

The structural elements of the movie consist of the narrative element and the technical element.

1.    Narrative Elements

a.    Character and Characterization

According to Kennedy (1983: 45) character is “ an imagined person who inhabits in a story “. Major character is the center of the story and the most important of the story. While minor character is less important person who have function to support the development of main character.

Bordwell and Thompson (1990: 58) stated that “The characters traits can involved attitude, skills, preferences, psychological drives, details of dress and appearance, and any other specific quality the film creates for a character”. Therefore when the characterization can show individuality in his role, the audience will feel at ease in narrating the nature of character itself.

The development of the story and the character is balanced the narrative of the film. According to Douglass and Harnden (1996: 95) “The action in drama in which the character’s action are primarily driven by people and events that are external to the character, often sacrifice characterization for the shake of the story complications and speed”.

b.    Setting

Setting is location in which to stage the action of film shooting. Besides, setting is motivated to operate actively within the ongoing action, Bordwell and Thompson (1990: 130).

According to Abrams in Nurgiyantoro (2007: 216) “setting represents place, time, and the social environment of the happening events told in the story”. It can be conclude that setting is a place where the story happened and described.

c.    Plot

Plot is the chronological event of the story. Douglass and Harnden (1996: 48) state that “Story are generally driven by the narrative action the event that moves the story foward”. Plot includes all the story events that are directly depicted, Bordwell and Thompson (1990: 57).

Plot is consist of the beginning, the middle, and the end. According to Douglass and Hearnden (1996: 48) “The basic element of dramatic structure found in most production are the beginning, the middle and the end”. They elaborate the basic elements of dramatic structure as follows:

The beginning is about one quarter the length of a movie production. In the beginning, the audiance is let to know where the story is going by the presentation of the actor as the hero or the heroine and other major participants, the setting of place and time, in how the story will be played, the themes, the problems, and also the premise. The middle section is about half of the production or even a little longer. The middle of dramatic structure contains the struggle of the hero or heroine to achieve the solution of the problems that has been defined in the beginning.the end is called resolution. The ending of the story is giving the problem solving all events in society. In this way the hero or heroine resolve their problem in a way satisfactory to the audience.

d.   Point of View

According to Douglass and Harnden (1996: 31) point of view is defined into three definition. First, point of view refers shot. It means that the point of view relates to the camera shot taken as if seen through the eyes of the character, Douglass and Harnden (1996: 31).

Second, point of view relates to the story teller, Douglass and Harnden (1996: 32). Based on the story teller perspective, point of view is devided into three types: first person point of view, second person point of view, and third person point of view.

Third, character is defined as a character point of view, Douglass and Harnden (1996: 6). It means that the story teller makes the audiience understand about the story through the point of view or attitude of the character ward the story event.

e.    Style

Kennedy (1983: 75) stated that in general “style refers to the individual traits of characteristic of a piece of writing”. Style refers to the manner of expression used by the author to reach the aesthetic value through choice of words, grammatical structures and any other use of language. Style can be categorized in three forms:

1)   Diction

Diction refers to the choice and used of the words. In literature, it deals with the choosing of words used in the sentences of a story by the author. Nurgiyantoro (1995:290) defines diction as the author’s choice of words. Author needs to choose the appropriate word to show the effects and to emphasize some utterances.

2)   Grammatical Structures

Grammatical Structure in literature refers to the using of sentences structures in a story. The writer is free to use any kinds of sentence structure like repetition and abbreviation in order to reach the aesthetic effect.

3)   Rhetoric

Rethoric is used by the author in order to reach the aesthetic effect. Rhetoric refers to the way the author use to express the language in order to make the readers get his idea.

f.     Theme

Theme is the basic idea that will be explored through the entire story. According to Douglass and Harden (1996: 3) stated “theme is the basic idea of story in which the author portrays through the conflicts of characters with other character or with life events”. Theme also can be central insight of the story. Kennedy (1983: 103) define “the theme of story is whatever general idea or insight the entire story reveals”. The theme is also connected with the premise from the drama itself which also connected with the basic tone of a drama and the point of view which is described by the author (Waluyo, 2001: 24).   

2.    Technical Elements

a.    Casting

Casting is a treatment of characters in production. It is a vital of movie production for selecting an actor, dancers, singers, models, and other talent for recordedperformance. The characterization have to reach the expected quality so that he can act better. Douglass and Harnden (1996: 108) state “that the quality of character represent special matter which needed to look for actor capable to understand and fullfil the overall of expected quality. Waluyo (2001: 35) also state “that actor or actress are the most important elements in the story. The appropriate actor and actress who are capable and well grounded made the story look real and have a good quality”.

b.    Mice-en-Scene

Mice-en-scene is anything which is prepared before the camera. Dauglass and Harnden (1996: 119) define  all the comparison which applied in the staging and action in film production to create the standard realistic of image. The concept of mise-en-scene is solving the problematic in range the possibilities conception of realism.

According to Bordwell and Thompson (1990: 119) mise-en-scene meaning is staging action and it was first applies to the practice of directing movie.according to Douglas and Harnden (1996: 119) mise-en-scene refers to the entire element of set. Set dressing and props, costume and make up, lighting and design.

1)      Setting dresssing and Props

According to Douglass and Harnden (1996: 131) set dressing is “the items in the scene such as furniture, picture on the wall, curtain, knick knack on the tables, lamp rugs, and anything that dresses the bore walls and the floor of a set. Set dressing give contribution in presenting the line, character, and action, Douglass and Harnden (1996: 131)

Props are the object that actors or people used in the drama, a picture of a love one, a bassball glove, a gun, a bouquet of flowers or pizza that will be delivered to the door, Douglass and Harnden (1996: 131).

2)      Costume and Make Up

Costume are clothes the character wear in the action, it can have specific functions in the total of film performance, Brodwell and Thompson (1990: 132). Costume and make up are stylized and the graphic qualities would proper in mood on the object and action in movie, Bordwell and Thompson (1990: 133).

Costumes should express the personality of the character, revealing the social status, taste, and idiosyncrasies. Costumes are often cut and marked in exaggerated way, so their characters can be distinguished from the theater's back row, costumes for movie usually must be believable in close up, Douglass and Harnden (1996: 131).

Make up in the film art is not only for beautifying actor’s face to be older, younger, sharper, etc, Bordwell and Harnden (1990: 133). Make up was originally necessary because actor’s faces would not register well on early film stocks, and it has been used in various ways to enhance the appearance of actors on the screen, Brodwell and Thompson (1990: 133).

3)      Lighting

According to Douglass and Harnden (1996: 136) “lighting design is fundamental to the photographic arts, meanwhile lighting set up is used to produce the desired lighting effect”.

Lighting is manipulating image by controlling the lighting system that relates the composition of each shot in certain object and action in movies, Brodwell and Thompson (1990: 133-134). The highlight lighting also helps the articulate textures in part of brightness on surface while the shadow lighting is also important in movies composition, Brodwell and Thompson (1990: 133-134).

4)      Design

According to Douglass and Harnden (1996: 136) “the selection of the location, props, and costumes must reflect the mile of the story and the personalities of the characters. One we have selected these tangibles, they become design element aligned and framed in the shot”. The location, props, and costumes are used to the plot and personalities of the character. These can be more realistic when being supported by lighting, Douglass and Harnden (1996: 145).

c.    Cinematography

Cinematography is an important element in the movie production. It produce the image in photograph frame and duration, Brodwell and Thompson (1990: 199). In other word cinematography is a general term producing the movie strip by manipulating the movie stock and camera in limited time, Brodwell and Thompson (1990: 154)

The movie maker will try to manipulate the movie deals with the photographic qualities of the shot, Brodwell and Thompson (1990: 156). The movie maker also manipulates the movie deals with the camera distance help to determine what details will be notice, what object will be excluded from the frame, this camera distance is distinguished into several types, there are extreme long shot, medium close up, close up, and extreme close up, Brodwell and Thompson (1990: 175).

d.   Editing

Editing is a process to improve and correct a literary work, especially script. The process of creating and collecting of raw materials, the editor has to analyze the given material and intellectual and aesthetic decision that will result in the finished work, Douglass and Harnden (1996: 194).

Editing is easy to notice , it is not only because of the prevalent technique but also because of the disjunction of space, time, and graphics made by editing step to the eye attention, Bordwell and Thompson (1990: 209).

e.    Sound

Sound in the movie also plays an important role because it contributes to the realism of a scene by providing the true background that the audience would expect to hear in a location, Douglass and Harnden (1996: 88).

According to Douglass and Harnden (1996: 86) “building mood in scene with the sound is done principally through the music and sound effect tracks rather than in the sync sound track”.

There are three advantages of sound in film production. First, it engages another sense mode: our visual attention can be accompanied by an aural attention. Second, sound can actively shape how we interpret the image. Third, sound can direct our attention quite specifically within the image, Bordwell and Thompson (1990: 244).

5.    Theoretical Application

In this study, the writer will use the sociological approach to analyze the movie. The writer focuses on analyzing the fighting for copyright that happened in The Social Network movie. The writer will describes the background of the society when the movie is set. It includes social, economic, political, science and technology, cultural and religious aspect. Then the writer try to analyze through the structural element of the movie which consists of narrative and technical elements. The narrative will analyze through character and characterization, setting, plot, point of view, style, and theme. While the technical will analyze the movie through casting, mise-en-scene, cinematography, editing,and sound. Then, the writer try to identify the relation between the social background of the time when the movie is set and the structural elements of this movie.

H.      Research Method

In this study, the writer analyze the fighting for copyright in The Social Network movie using qualitative method.

1.    Type of the Study

In this research, the writer uses a qualitative research. It is library research while data source are using literary data. It purpose to analyze the movie using sociological approach. The steps to conduct this research are (1) determining the type of the study, (2) determining the object of the study, (3) determining data and data source, (4) determining technique of data collection, (5) determining technique of data analysis.

2.    Object of the Study

The object of the study is The Social Network movie directed by David Fincher and publishing by Columbia Pictures in 2010. It is analyzed by using sociological approach.

3.    Types of the Data and Data Source.

a.         Type of Data

The data in this study can be divided into two kinds of data: primary and secondary data. Primary data is the main data consisting dialogue, action, and description about the character of the movie. Secondary data is supporting data consist of theoretical approach, in this study the secondary data concern to the sociological approach.

b.        Data Sources

1)        Primary Data

The primary data is taken from a movie entitles The Social Network directed by David Fincher. This movie was produced by Columbia Pictures in 2010.

2)        Secondary Data Source

The secondary data sources is taken from the script of the movie, and information from books and internet that is relevant to the subject matter..

4.    Technique of the Data Collection

The technique of collecting data was purpose sampling where the writer took sample of dialogue and ellipse of picture of the movie. Then used it as a starting point to analyze the issue. In order to make the data more complete, the writer does some steps that involved: watching movie and finding out the important sentence on the dialogue occur in the movie, reading the movie script, reading books that related to this study, getting some information from the internet, finding out the important data, arranging the important data and developing those data.

5.    Technique of the Data Analysis

The data are analyzed using descriptive analysis concerned to the structural elements of the movie and sociological analysis. The steps are: classifying the data, verifying the data, and interpreting the data based on the underlying theories.

I.         Paper Organization

The organization of the study will be as follows: Title, Background of the Study, Literature Review, Problem Statement, Limitation of the Study, Objective of the Study, Benefit of the Study, Underlying Theory, it consists of the Notion of Sociology of Literature, Major Principles of Sociology of Literature, Notion of Copyright, Structural Element of the Movie, and Theoretical Application; Research Method that consist of the Type of the Study, Object of the Study, type of data and data source, technique of collecting data, and technique of analyzing data; Paper Organization, and Bibliography.

J.        Bibliography

Bordwell, David & Thompson, Kristin. 1990. Film Art: An Introduction (3rd Edition). USA: The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Burns, Tom & Burns, Elizabeth. 1973. Sociology of Literature and Drama. Middlesex: Penguin Book

Douglass, S. John and Hardner,P. Glenn. 1996. The art of technique (An Aesthetic Approach to Film and Videos Production). USA: Allyn and Bacon

Kennedy, X. J. 1983. Literature an Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Third Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.Inc.

Nurgiyantoro, Burhan. 1995. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press

Swingewood, Alan & Laurenson, Diana. 1972. The Sociology of Literature. London: Paladin.

Waluyo, J. Herman. 2001. Drama, Teori dan Pengajarannya. Jogjakarta: Hanindita Graha Widya

Wellek, Rene & Warren, Austin. 1962. Theory of Literature. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company

Virtual Reference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Social_Network acessed on 18 March 2011 at 6. 04 a.m

http://www.movieweb.com/movie/the-social-network/synopsis acessed on 21 March 2011 at 6.16 a.m

http://amiratthemovies.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/review-the-social-network-2010/ acessed on 22 March 2011 at 5.35 a.m